Interpretation of Statutes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Interpretation of Statutes - Essay Example Judges have a mandate of resolving of making such statutes clear if not well interpreted. An example of unclear language emerged in the case of Myers v Twining in the year 1982. The judges were to make a decision on the association between a vehicle and roller skates. Many cases have been presented in courts with change of meaning of words over time. Some bills are rushed in parliament in time of emergency, hence the need for interpretation as a result of many errors that takes place during the act. The dilemma with statutory interpretation is that the court has to decide the meaning of a certain legislation passed by the parliament. The court makes judgement on the parliament’s intention when passing the law and its relevance in the present time2. On some cases however, the judges have often misinterpreted the legislation of the act. Other issues which may arise during the interpretation of the statutes must abide by the European laws or the human right acts. Misinterpretation of the parliamentary acts and legislation may contradict higher laws or lead to creation of new legislation that was not the intention of the parliament during the passing of such a bill or act. Judges deal with interpretation of statutes in a variety of ways. One w ay in which judges interpret statutes is by presumption. The judge is such a context begins the interpretation process by assumption of certain issues. The assumption may be considered to be true unless a better argument is raised with an intention to challenge it. Some of presumptions entail the inability to change the law and that the statutes do not influence the acts created in the past. Presumption of language is another challenge encountered during the interpretation of certain statutes. Utilization of words such as workman, tradesman or other person presents a lot of confusion during the interpretation process. Some words derive meaning from the surrounding environment3. The judges

Security Assessment Essay Example for Free

Security Assessment Essay Directions: Choose one of the Facts for Consideration sections from Ch. 3 of the text and list the page number for the section you chose. Then, complete the following table. List five threats appropriate to the environment from the section you chose. Rate the risk for each threat from 0 (low) to 10 (high). Then, list five appropriate countermeasures. Once you complete the table, write a brief explanation of the countermeasures for the two threats with the highest risk total, stating how the countermeasure reduces the risk associated with that threat. Transport should be equipped with a thick metal cage surrounding area inmates are in. Inmates should be contained also with shackles on hands and feet. Property damage and or personal harm All inmates, shackled together or not, need to have shackles anchored to sturdy eyebolts welded into floor to maintain limited movement. Escape during bathroom breaks Armed guard escort to restroom from transport, armed escort to transport, with remaining guard still on transport. Inmates relieves themselves under armed surveillance, with door open at all times. No civilians allowed near inmates, or bathrooms during the inmate’s bathroom breaks and guards must inspect bathrooms thoroughly before and after leaving restrooms. Extra guards in escort cars should help in this process to maintain security. Escape through windows or vents All windows and vents should be secured outside of the cage surrounding the inmates, armed guard should be in transport at all times, regardless of the guard, a head count should be done before and after all stops. Escape through outside resources. Limit all contact between prisoner and outside contacts prior to transport, restrict prisoners’ knowledge of schedule for transport. Two armed guards on transport, not counting driver. Two security cars, with two armed guards in each car, following transport. One car leading transport, with two armed guards. Cameras with audio on transport, communication between transport and escorts at all times. In my assessment, I chose to evaluate the article of the prisoner escape from prisoner transport. I need to assess the importance of securing the vehicle to establish the safety of the inmates, the security personnel, the driver, and all citizen’s in and around the route. I determined that one threat that is a high probability is physical assault. I can determine this on a few different areas which is why I gave it a criticality of 7. If a prisoner were caught escaping a fight would ensue, if the prisoner were seen by a bystander, physical harm could come from the interaction, or if the prisoner got a hold of a weapon, he could become too brave instead of just running. My thought of countermeasures are that the transport should have a strong metal cage separating the inmates from the guards; furthermore, the inmates should be shackled, hands and feet, with a sturdy chain running from wrist shackles to ankle shackles. This should be restrictive to eliminate excess movement on the prisoner’s part. The prisoners are being transported to facilities better equipped to deal with them, not to go to a spa; therefore their comfort is less important. The next strong threat factor is through  outside resources. This could happen in many ways. Since the inmates that are generally on these types of transports are considered dangerous, security measures must be made to ensure no contact with anyone on the outside for a period of time prior to transport and should have no knowledge of transport date. This could help prevent communicating with someone on routes, times, or any other knowledge that could be given to organize a breakout. There should be at least two, or more, armed guards in the transport with the prisoner’s and driver at all times. This would allow rest as well as backup. There should be at least two cars following the transport to ensure the transport is not ambushed easily. There should be two armed guards in each car. Another car with two armed guards should escort the transport. Finally, open lines of contact should be in place between all guards at all times, either via a system installed on the bus or through ear pieces and microphones. Having all guards in constant communication can prevent many problems from arising; because, one guard may see something another does not, and there are extra hands in case of trouble should the inevitable happen. The assessment I have provided, while requiring extra manpower, makes sense to me in the fact that this type of transport is moving dangerous cargo. The object of security in this matter is not to provide comfort, but to provide an extra measure of protection for the inmates, driver, guards, and civilians alike.

Slaughterhouse-Five Essay: Three Themes of Slaughterhouse-Five

The Three Themes of Slaughterhouse-Five Kurt Vonnegut did a great job in writing an irresistible reading novel in which one is not permitted to laugh, and yet still be a sad book without tears. Slaughterhouse-five was copyrighted in 1969 and is a book about the 1945 firebombing in Dresden which had killed 135,000 people. The main character is Billy Pilgrim, a very young infantry scout who is captured in the Battle of the Bulge and quartered to a slaughterhouse where he and other soldiers are held. The rest of the novel is about Billy and his encounters with the war, his wife, his life on earth, and on the planet Tralfamador. There are 3 themes in the novel Slaughterhouse-Five, that stick in the readers mind as they read through this novel. Perhaps the most obvious theme in Slaughterhouse-Five, is the war and its contrast with love, beauty, humanity, innocence, etc. Vonnegut manages to tell the reader in Slaughterhouse-Five, that war is bad for human kind and that it would be better for people to love one another. To find the war's contrast with love is quite difficult, because the book doesn't talk about any couple that was cruelly torn apart by the war. For example, Billy didn't seem to love his wife very much. Vonnegut expresses it very lightly and uses the word "love" very rarely. Yet when he does, he uses it effectively. He tries to look for love and beauty in things that seemingly are neither lovely nor beautiful. For example, when Billy was captured by the group of Germans, he didn't see them as a cruel enemy, but as normal, innocent people: "Billy looked up at the face that went with the clogs. It was the face of a blond angel, of a fifteen-year-old boy. The boy was as beautiful as Eve" (... ...e eyes of Tralfamadorians: "When a Tralfamadorian sees a corpse, all he thinks is that the dead person is in bad condition in the particular moment, but that the same person is just fine in plenty of other moments. Now, when I myself hear that somebody is dead, I simply shrug and say what the Tralfamadorians say about dead people, which is 'So it goes,'" (Vonnegut, p.27). Even with the contrast and the differences between these three themes, Vonnegut makes them all mesh in this novel. If Slaughterhouse- Five was the first novel the reader has ever read, they would appreciate this style of writing and black humor that Vonnegut portrays throughout Slaughterhouse- Five. It would make the reader wish that they would have discovered him earlier and read his books long before now. Vonnegut, Kurt Jr. Slaughterhouse-five. NewYork: Dell Publishing Co. 1969.

Online Dating: Advantages and Disadvantages Essay

Why did George kill Lennie?The book, â€Å"Of Mice and Men†, is written by John Steinbeck. It’s about two men, Lennie and George, who travel together.George is the smart one. He is a gentle and trustworthy person. Lennie is not quite bright. We understand very early in the book that Lennie perhaps has a minor brain damage. He has problems with speaking, repeats himself a lot, and is very immature. George seems to handle this quite fine, but sometimes he gets very mad at Lennie for being such a big baby. George and Lennie travel together from ranch to ranch looking for work. They move a lot, ’cause Lennie always seems to get them into trouble. They have two things; a dream of one day owning their own little house with acres and rabbits, and they’ve got each other. After barely escaping from a ranch up in Weed, Lennie end George get to work on a ranch south of Soledad. Everything works out just fine, until Lennie has a bad accident with the wife to Curley, the boss’s son. As I said, Lennie is not so normal, so can’t control his strength right. Without meaning it, Lennie breaks the woman’s neck. He gets frightened and run off, to hide in the brushes. When the men at the Ranch discover this crime, they understand that Lennie is the killer. They take their dogs and shotguns, and go out to find and kill Lennie. George waits until the men have left, cause he knows where Lennie is. He now has three choices: He could find Lennie and run away with him, he could let the other men kill Lennie, or he could kill Lennie himself. He chose the last option. I think it was right of George to kill Lennie himself. If they had decided to run away together, they would probably been caught. And if them both got caught, they would probably both get shot. The men would think that George had helped Lennie killing Curley’s wife. And George obviously didn’t want to die. George didn’t have heart to let the other men kill Lennie. He knew that Lennie wouldn’t make it out alive of this mess, and George could never let the man he was responsible for, get killed by Curley out of revenge. Lennie didn’t know what he was doing when he killed her, and it was not fair that he should get killed out of hate. George had learned a lot about this from Candy, an old man living at the ranch. Candy had an old dog that was sick and not very popular, ’cause it smelled and wasn’t no good to anyone. The ranch- men wanted to get it killed, but Candy couldn’t kill it. Candy had had that dog since it was a puppy. Therefore, Candy let another man kill his dog. And Candy told George he regretted it afterwards. â€Å"I ought to of shoot that dog myself, George. I shouldn’t ought to of let no stranger shoot my dog, said Candy.† You can compare Candy’s dog to Lennie. You could say that Lennie was George’s dog, and Candy had learned that if a good friend’s death was certain, it might as well be a friend who knows him and cares about him that kills him. Lennie had to be killed by George, and George killed him out of love. I think it was a hard decision for George to kill his best friend, but it was the right one. Lennie and George couldn’t always be on the run. Lennie couldn’t keep on hurting other people, even if it wasn’t on purpose. George had a hard time, standing there with Carlson’s gun pointed at Lennie’s back head, while telling him about their dream. But at last, George pulled the trigger, and Lennie died. Lennie chose to live, and he didn’t let no stranger shoot his best friend.

Positive and Negative Impacts of Tourism Essay

Introduction Many definitions explain tourism from different scholars to suit the purposes of respective writers. In this case, the following definition of tourism will be of use. Tourism is ‘the activities of people traveling to as well as staying in places particularly outside their respective usual environment for at least not more than one year consecutively for leisure or business and any other purposes (Johnston, Gregory et al, 2000: 840). Tourism is not ideally an industry precisely in the traditional sense; rather, it is an activity, which takes place well over a number of sectors (in specific accommodation, retail trade, cafes and restaurants, and transport). Because of this, measuring the impact of tourism economically, socially or any other impact whether positive or negative is complex (Croall 1995, p.67). The economic relevance of tourism can be assessed particularly in terms of the contribution it has on the total value of services and goods produced in the economy, also on th e export dollars, which it creates through the sale of services and goods to overseas visitors as well as the jobs it creates. This is a direct impact positive in the economy with Tourism appearing to grow in relevance within the economy (Richards and Hall 2000, p.89-97). However, there are many other negative and positive impacts relating directly to tourism. Conversely, while there is potential ideally for continued projects growth there is still lack of understanding especially within the communities as to the prevailing possible or negative impacts that tourism may bring (Doan 2000, p. 267-288). This, therefore, calls for a sustainable conducting of tourism and always being ready for situations. This paper examines the impacts of tourism whether negative or positive with a suggestion that, on balance, tourism’s contribution is positive. Analysis of tourism’s contribution to Australia generally focuses on the economic value of tourist spending. In the year 2000, the ABS published the National Accounts of Australian: Satellite Account, 1998 (5249.0). The publication represents ideally the first ABS attempt to practically, put tourism into an accounting framework nationally. Tourism is ideally not a  conventional industry especially in the System of National Accounts (SNA 93). Its definition is by the customer (visitor) but not on the product produced (Richards and Hall 2000, p.89-97). The satellite account (TSA) generally creates a broad picture of the industry that allows it to compare to conventional industries for instance agriculture, retail trade and manufacturing (Doan 2000, p. 267-288). However, more in the focus has been on the economic aspect of tourism and the positive impacts the industry has on the economies of respective countries. The gross domestic product of tourism (TGDP) estimates and tourism gross value added generally relate to the impact of tourism activity directly, but there is more to the impacts of tourism than just the economic value (Richards and Hall 2000, p.89-97). It is great to look into tourism in the economic field before conducting analysis of whether the practice is overly positive or negative. Tourism is ideally a multimillion-dollar industry for many countries. According to the World Tourism and Travel Council (WTTC), it is the world’s stable and fastest growing industry predicted that ideally, by the end of the coming decade at least a quarter of billion persons will be working within the tourism and travel sector (Richards and Hall 2000, p.89-97). Out of this, there is a perception that this is the best development tool for many less developed countries. Looking at it from this perspective, it is highly arguable that overly, the industry is more positive with impacts in such sectors (Croall 1995, p.67). However, there is a negative impact on the same note. Although communities within a local region gain a financial infusion in tourism, many factors determine the proportion of income that remains within the local economy (Croall 1995, p.67). This is because many large multinational corporations for instance tour operators retain the largest proportion of tourism’s profits, with the remainder lost via several forms of leakage, for instance soft drinks, that are, imported particularly from outside the local community ideally at a high cost (Richards and Hall 2000, p.89-97). This is, therefore, negative is a terrific way because it drains away most of the  countries revenue and drags down the economy. However, looking at it in a more positive way (Murray 2009, p.186-208), the industry in maintenance, construction, and operation of tourist facilities, complements the drained capital therefore no cause of alarm to overrule the positives of the industry (Deardon and Harron 1994, p. 81-102). On a different perspective, tourism is impressive and controls its operations, therefore, maintaining as a stable practice across the globe, which has more of positive affects (Doan 2000, p. 267-288). In the modern tourism industry, the practice has taken a different approach, and it I now practiced as ecotourism (Acott and La Trobe, 134-156). Ecotourism ideally draws on many concepts. It can be defined generally as, a sustainable tourism form focusing on learning and experiencing about nature. It should be ethical in management in order to be oriented locally, low-impact, non-consumptive and small scale (Acott and La Trobe, 134-156). Richards and Hall (2000, p.89-97) suggested that sustainable tourism practically takes into account many features. These are social, environmental, cultural, economic, political, managerial and governmental (Croall 1995, p.67). Although it is accepted widely that sustainability is among the most relevant issues faced by the industry, there has been claims that because of sustainable tourism ideally being a loosely defined concept, the industry has to simple terms adopted it for the purposes of marketing (Richards and Hall 2000, p.89-97). However, sustainable tourism is a positive impact and one that should be hailed in the industry because it conserves the environment and adds to the sustainability of the ecological niche (Acott and La Trobe, 134-156). More to the positive of the tourism industry, it generates jobs for many economies and the people in respective countries. This, therefore, makes it an exciting industry and one that is critical in any economy (Deardon and Harron 1994, p. 81-102). It develops more of positive impacts and supports the concept that overly, on balance, tourism’s contribution is positive (Richards and Hall 2000, p.89-97). Hotels, tour operators and airlines are the most visible businesses in the tourism industry, but many more people get employment in the tourism industry, or indirectly benefit from it  (Croall 1995, p.67). As visitors’ dollars transact within the economy, they spread throughout the country’s economy benefiting the community in many positive ways (Doan 2000, p. 267-288). The high rates of employment in various sectors are what yields as positive in the industry bringing in a better future for many citizens of a particular country. It also brings down the dependence level in such a way that, people can have the ability to support themselves with the daily bread. This ultimately comes up with a big solution to the crimes that people engage in search of daily bread. The ultimate positive impact is a high-secured community and continuous development through massive investment. On the other hand, the environment quality, both man-made and natural, is critical to tourism. Nevertheless, tourism’s relationship particularly with the environment is exceedingly complex (Murray 2009, p.186-208). It generally involves several activities, which can have some adverse environmental effects (Croall 1995, p.67). Many of these impacts link with the construction of infrastructure such as airports and roads, and of tourism facilities, which includes resorts, hotels, golf courses, restaurants, shops, and marinas. The negative impacts of the overall tourism development can destroy the environmental resources gradually on which it solely depends (Richards and Hall 2000, p.89-97). However, this cannot rule out the fact that tourism as also holds positive effects in the environment (Murray 2009, p.186-208). It is arguable that tourism has an extraordinary potential in creating beneficial effects on the environment by highly contributing to environmental conservation and protection, therefore, poses as a positive impact to the environment (Haywantee and Ramesh 2000, p. 356-407). It is a way to, ideally raise awareness of values of the environment and it can serve generally as a tool to finance natural areas protection and increment of their economic importance. It is equally vital to note that socially, tourism has an enormous influence on the host societies (Doan 2000, p. 267-288). Ideally, Tourism can be a source of international peace, amity, and understanding (Bramwell and Henry 1996, p.45). However, on the dark side, it can be a destroyer of indigenous cultures (Ray 1998, p.3-20), a direct ecological destruction source, and an  assault of people’s dignity, privacy, and authenticity (Richards and Hall 2000, p.89-97). This is, therefore, a point of argument in favor of both positive and negative impacts of tourism (Murray 2009, p.186-208). Some of the positive effects of tourism include the development of positive attitudes towards one another (Deardon and Harron 1994, p. 81-102). Among others is the eventual learning of each other’s customs and cultures, reduction of negative stereotypes and perceptions, friendships developments, development of pride, respect, appreciation, understanding, and tolerance for one another’s culture (Ray 1998, p.3-20; Doan 2000, p. 267-288). There are more to positives on the social field, which includes the increment of self-esteem of tourists and hosts, psychological satisfaction particularly with interaction and many others than outdo the negatives therefore supporting the argument that, in balance, tourism’s contribution is positive (Croall 1995, p.67). It is essential to add that more on the greater end of positives, social contacts between the local people and tourists may result in ideal mutual appreciation, family bonding respect, tolerance, awareness, understanding, learning, and liking (Bramwell and Henry 1996, p.45). Residents on one hand received education regarding the outside world without having to leave their homes, while respective visitors learn about another distinctive culture significantly (Deardon and Harron 1994, p. 81-102). Local communities, therefore, receive more benefits through contribution by the industry to the social infrastructure improvement like health care institutions, schools, libraries, internet cafes, and so on (Richards and Hall 2000, p.89-97). On the other hand, if local culture is the main base for tourist’s attraction to the region, this greatly helps in preserving the local handicrafts and traditions, which maybe at a time were on the verge of the extinction meaning that it is a greater and more positive attribute of the tourism industry (Croall 1995, p.67). A prominent example is the Uzbekistan, particularly in the famous regions as Buhara, Samarqand, and Horezm. The tourists substantially contribute enormously to the preservation of the established traditional handcrafting, hammered copper work, wood carving, handmade carpets and silk, and of course to maintenance and preservation of  historical and architectural monuments. The past activities bestowed to tourism as the main founder and the root cause of the same show clearly that the industry has a immense potential of highlighting more impacts that are positive (Doan 2000, p. 267-288). For instance, since Uzbekistan proclaimed independence early in 1991, there were many monuments and museums, opened and renovated in promoting the national traditions and culture (Bramwell and Henry 1996, p.45). Growing interest in the respective culture makes the people locally tremendously proud of their life. However, on the other side, the industry is known more in some parts of the globe as increasing hostility, tension, and suspicion (Ray 1998, p.3-20). Richards and Hall (2000, p.89-97) claims that ideas of tourism being a vital force for peace are mere exaggerations. To him, indeed, there is little evidence, which tourism is ideally drawing the world together (Murray 2009, p.186-208). However, no surmountable evidence can be in provision to overrule the positives of tourism with such claims of tensions and hostilities. It is arguable that successful development of any form of resource can lead to heavy negative impacts. This is similar to many others cases for instance development of cities and slum dwellings around a region, which bring in varied effects to the particular region. Among them include, assimilation, conflict, overdevelopment, and artificial reconstruction (Bramwell and Henry 1996, p.45). This should, therefore be a point of argument to enhance controls, which can handle such situations. While presenting a culture in a particular region, tourists at times may preserve the culture in some way but also can dilute and destroy it (Deardon and Harron 1994, p. 81-102). The point is promoting tourism in the region in a way that it would give both incomes as well as create respect for the local cultures and traditions (Richards and Hall 2000, p.89-97). Additionally, it is crucial to look into ecology and the impacts tourism has in a way that it will help bring up a better, and considerable argument in favor or negation of the idea that, in balance, tourism’s contribution is positive (Bramwell and Henry 1996, p.45). There are both positive and  negative impacts of tourism particularly on the local ecology (Murray 2009, p.186-208). The tourist industry often grows well into mass-tourism. This leads to the over consumption, lack of resources and pollution (David and Ray 2010, p. 449-473). Nevertheless, from the ecological view, tourism is more often preferable and acceptable than any other production industrially, as it is friendlier to the environmental (Deardon and Harron 1994, p. 81-102). This point gives the industry a plus and supports the idea that in balance, tourism’s contribution is positive (Richards and Hall 2000, p.89-97). The problem is that normally, it is not easy to change the established traditional way of life precisely of the local communities this is because it creates pseudo conflicts. Without a doubt, in many countries or regions the alternative industries are more harmful environmentally than tourism besides that in several countries of the Pacific and Asia. For instance in Samoa, Cook Islands, and others, tourism is the key source of income and relatively the friendliest sector to the environment (Haywantee and Ramesh 2000, p. 356-407; Bramwell and Henry 1996, p.45). Conclusion Tourism is not ideally an industry precisely in the traditional sense; rather, it is an activity, which takes place well over a number of sectors (in specific accommodation, retail trade, cafes and restaurants, and transport). Because of this, measuring the impact of tourism economically, socially or any other impact whether positive or negative is complex. Evidence shows that the impact of tourism particularly on local communities can be both negative and positive, whether it comes to social, economic, or environmental effects. It generally depends to which extent that the tourism industry is developed particularly in each region. What determines the nativity or positivist of the industry is, each region bearing capacity. This means, the limit of the incoming influence, which does not harm the community. Thus, the argument on the positives and negatives of the tourism industry remains wide open. There is no clear cut on which side overrides the other, but on mere grounds, the positives are many than the negatives. It is arguable that though there are many negatives of tourism, the positives complement the same and are better and more grounded. It is  therefore arguable that, on balance, tourism’s contribution is positive. References Acott, T. and La Trobe, H 1998, an evaluation of deep Eco-tourism and shallow Eco-tourism, Journal of sustainable tourism, 6(3) 134-156 Bramwell, B and Henry, I 1996, Sustainable Tourism Management: Principles and Practice, Tilburg: University Press, p.45 Croall, J 1995, Preserve or destroy – tourism and the environment, Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation: London, p.67 David, G and Ray, S 2010, Climate change-induced economic impacts on tourism destinations: the case of Australia, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 18(3) p. 449-473 Deardon, P and Harron, S 1994, Alternative tourism and adaptive change, Annals of tourism research, 21: 81-102 Doan, M 2000, the effects of ecotourism in developing nations: an analysis of case studies, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 8 (4): 267-288 Haywantee, R and Ramesh, D 2000, the Environmental Impacts of Tourism at the Casela Nature and Leisure Park, Mauritius, The International Journal of Environmental, Cultural, Economic and Social Sustainability 2(3) 356-407 Murray, C 2009, an integrated approach to assess the impacts of tourism on community development and sustainable livelihoods, Community Development Journal 44(2):186-208 Ray, C 1998, Culture, intellectual property and territorial rural development, Sociologia Ruralis, 38: 3-20 Richards, G and Hall, D 2000, Tourism and Sustainable Community Development, Routledg e: London, p.89-97

Getting To The Reader Essays - Stalking, English-language Films

Getting To The Reader Essays - Stalking, English-language Films Getting To The Reader We have read or heard many stories throughout our lives. We know that stories can vary in purpose: They can either teach a moral lesson or entertain. Some stories interest us; others do not. In order for a story to be interesting, it must be told in a way that does not bore or confuse the reader. This story must have elements that attenuate to a central purpose. These elements (setting, character, plot, point of view, symbol, theme, etc.) forge the thoughts and ideas of the author. Joyce Carol Oates Stalking tells the tale of a young girl growing up in modern suburbia. Stalking is a critical review of modern American society and shows the detrimental effects that it can have on a young child. The main character in this story is stalking the Invisible Adversary, who is the personification of the neglect that she has received in her life. In order to send this message to the reader, Oates emphasizes the point of view of the main character, plot, and setting in her short story Stalking. The narrator of Stalking is omniscient as she follows the main character, Gretchen, throughout a city. She shows us that Gretchen is anti-social: If forced, she takes part in games (Oates 162) and she just stands around, her face empty, her arms crossed and her shoulders a little slumped (162). We also see that Gretchen is oblivious: Gretchen waits until [traffic] is nearly cleara single car is approaching. (Oates 161) and she plods through a jumbled, bulldozed field of mud and thistles and debris that is mainly rocks and chunks of glass (162). Although the narrator visually guides us on this journey, she also lets us into the mind of Gretchen - we see things from Gretchens point of view. Thoughts of Ill get you (Oates 161)Out of my wayYoull be sorry for that(162) shows us that Gretchen is angry and spiteful. Her anger and spitefulness are directed towards her Invisible Adversary - an imaginary playmate that she has created. Why is she angry, anti-social, and spiteful? Why is she stalking the Invisible Adversary? The linear plot quickly builds in this story and answers our questions at the end. As the Invisible Adversary leads Gretchen from place to place around town, Gretchen continues to shows us her audacious behavior everywhere she goes. In one afternoon, she knocks over a garbage can, steals, vandalizes a restroom, and ruins a dress. Her reckless attitude is further shown when the narrator describes Gretchens appearance. She is stocky and could be good at gym, if she bothered (Oates 162). There is also a bit of irony and contradiction when the narrator describes her face. She has untidy, curly haireyebrows heavy and darka stern, staring look, like an adult man(Oates 164). Her nose is perfectly formedher face is attractive (Oates 165). We now know that she was not born unattractive; she chooses to be unattractive. A precursor for the explanation of Getchens behavior is when she does not acknowledge h er mother at the mall. That moment in the story indicates that Gretchen feels some resentment towards her mother. We later find out why she resents them - Her mother is probably still shopping, her father is out of town for the weekend (Oates 166). Gretchens parents neglect her. She fills the void in her life, created by her parents neglect, by creating an Invisible Adversary. Of course, she is angered by their neglect and therefore is angry with the Invisible Adversary. Oates places this story in modern suburban America (no later than 1972). Without this setting the story does not have much meaning. Gretchens parents neglect is caused by the leisure of modern America. Gretchen is raised in a big white colonial home (Oates 166) where her mother is engrossed in shopping and her father is out on a business or fishing trip. Even though she is raised in a house of comfort and privilege, she is unhappy with her life. Not even the material objects in a nearby shopping mall can please her. In fact, she defiles anything that represents privilege and comfort, including her white boots, lipstick, toothpaste, a dress, her home, and herself. The narrator

Media language accelerates recovery - Emphasis

Media language accelerates recovery Media language accelerates recovery The increasing use of the word recovery in the press during the recent financial crisis may have contributed to the UKs eventual climb out of recession, new research from Emphasis has found. This unique project the second from the Emphasis Research Centre began as a positive alternative to The Economists R-word index, which predicts economic downturns by tracking the use of the word recession. The research charts the use of the term recovery (along with green shoots) in the British broadsheets during the recent recession and the months leading up to it. It reveals what appears to be a significant link between the number of press articles mentioning the word and climbs in both the FTSE 100 and Nationwide Consumer Confidence Index. The sudden increase in the use of recovery actually began long before any real sign of one existed. In fact, the UK was sliding further into recession and the markets were in freefall at the time. But the continued and ever-increasing reference to a tentative recovery may have helped precipitate a slight return to form, as both indexes began to rise slowly in February 2009. Other factors undeniably played a part in renewed faith in the markets. The stimulus package announced in November 2008, the start of quantitative easing the following March, and the G20 summit in April 2009 are all likely to have influenced confidence. And mentions of recovery, though regular, were often far from positive. Yet the apparent link between the rise in newspapers references to recovery and the fluctuations in both the FTSE 100 and Consumer Confidence Index during the most intense periods of the economic crisis seem significant. It could be that merely repeating the word recovery, like a mantra, somehow seeped into the subconscious of both the public and the market, says Rob Ashton, Chief Executive of Emphasis. This may be an example of journalists creating the news as well as reporting it. Download the full Recovery Watch research report here. Download the press release here.

Definition of the Situation in Sociology

Definition of the Situation in Sociology The definition of the situation is what people use to know what is expected of them and what is expected of others in any given situation. Through the definition of the situation, people obtain a sense of the statuses and roles of those involved in the situation so that they know how to behave.  It is the agreed upon, subjective understanding of what will happen in a given situation or setting, and who will play which roles in the action. The concept refers to how our understanding of the social context of where we may be, like a  movie theater, bank, library, or supermarket informs our expectations of what we will do, who we will interact with, and for what purpose. As such, the definition of the situation is a core aspect of social order of a smoothly operating society. The definition of the situation is something that we learn through socialization, composed of prior experiences, knowledge of norms, customs, beliefs, and social expectations, and is also informed by individual and collective needs and wants. It is  a foundational concept within symbolic interaction theory and an important one within sociology, generally. The Theorists Behind the Definition of the Situation Sociologists William I. Thomas and Florian Znaniecki are credited with laying the theory and research groundwork for the concept that is known as the definition of the situation. They wrote about meaning and social interaction in their groundbreaking empirical study of Polish immigrants in Chicago, published in five volumes between 1918 and 1920. In the book, titled The Polish Peasant in Europe and America, they wrote that a  person has to take social meanings into account and interpret his experience not exclusively in terms of his own needs and wishes but also in terms of the traditions, customs, beliefs, and aspirations of his social milieu. By social meanings, they refer to the shared beliefs, cultural practices, and norms that become common sense to native members of a society. However, the first time the phrase appeared in print was in a 1921 book published by sociologists Robert E. Park and Ernest Burgess, Introduction to the Science of Sociology. In this book, Park and Burgess cited a Carnegie study published in 1919 which apparently used the phrase. They wrote, common participation in common activities implies a common definition of the situation. In fact, every single act, and eventually all moral life, is dependent upon the definition of the situation. A definition of the situation precedes and limits any possible action, and a redefinition of the situation changes the character of the action. In this final sentence Park and Burgess refer to a defining principle of symbolic interaction theory: action follows meaning. They argue, without a definition of the situation that is known among all participants, those involved wouldnt know what to do with themselves. And, once that definition is known, it sanctions certain actions while prohibiting others. Examples of the Situation An easy example to grasp how situations are defined and why this process is important is that of a written contract. A legally binding document, a contract, for employment or sale of goods, for example, lays out the roles played by those involved and specifies their responsibilities, and sets out actions and interactions that will take place given the situation as defined by the contract. But, its the less easily codified definition of a situation that interests sociologists, who use it to refer to a necessary aspect of all the interactions we have in our daily lives, also known as micro-sociology. Take, for example, riding a bus. Before we even get on a bus, we are engaged with a definition of a situation in which buses exist to serve our transportation needs in society. Based on that shared understanding, we have expectations of being able to find buses at certain times, at certain places, and to be able to access them for a certain price. As we enter the bus, we, and presumably the other passengers and the driver, work with a shared definition of the situation that dictates the actions we take as we enter the bus paying or swiping a pass, conversing with the driver, taking a seat or grabbing a hand-hold. If someone acts in a way that defies the definition of the situation, confusion, discomfort, and even chaos can ensue. Sources Burgess, E.W. Introduction to the Science of Sociology. Robert Ezra Park, Kindle Edition, Amazon Digital Services LLC, March 30, 2011. Thomas, William. The Polish Peasant in Europe and America: A CLASSIC WORK IN IMMIGRATION HISTORY. Florian Znaniecki, Paperback, Student edition, University of Illinois Press, January 1, 1996. Edited by Nicki Lisa Cole, Ph.D.

Arbitration Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Arbitration - Assignment Example thers are not bound by the arbitration agreement because they did not directly agree to it, as well as the fact that they were never specifically informed of it by HBW. Even though in NCR Corporation vs. Korala Associates Ltd. the court affirmed that arbitration is a legally binding method to solving disputes, Baker did not agree to the clause. Osborne Corp did, but only after the original contract had been signed, causing HBW to re-issue booklets to the homeowners that informed them of the agreement. Yet, in doing so, HBW did not call attention to the agreement, which means that the homeowners would have had no notice of it. The ethics of this practice can be called into question because while HBW issued booklets to Baker et al with the clause of arbitration included, it did not call any attention to such a agreement nor inform any of the homeowners outright that they would be bound to the agreement. It is not the fault of the homeowners that Osborne entered into the agreement, and therefore they do not have to abide by it. The homeowners did not sign the forms with HBW, Osborne did, and without informing the homeowners directly that they had done so, the homeowners cannot be held accountable. It can be inferred that the provision of arbitration was ‘hidden in the fine print’, and therefore it would be unethical to subject the homeowners to arbitration when they clearly had no way of knowing that they would have to abide by this. It can also be said that both HBW and Osborne failed in their ethical duty to the homeowners, Osborne because they did not inform the homeowners that they (Osborne Corp.) had entered into the arbitration agreement with HBW, and HBW because it did not clearly inform the homeowners that they were required to solve disputes by arbitration rather than by filing suit. Baker and the other homeowners, even though there is an agreement for arbitration under the warranty, are not bound by it because they did not sign the agreement directly

Questions asked, Explain below questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Questions asked, Explain below questions - Essay Example The situation of the economy, such as economic booms and economic meltdown is a key competitive factor in global Smartphone industry. Economic meltdown will reduce the disposable income of customers. At that point of time companies are going for less costly smart phones. If the economy is booming customer’s disposable income would increase and companies starts to compete on high-end smart phones. Reliability of the brand and user friendliness of the smart phones is also a very key competitive factor affecting the company seriously. Before buying any smart phones customers search for different attribute and features like applications, internet speed, picture qualities etc (James, Laurence and Changhoon, 2011, PP. 343-353). These are the areas where modern players are competing very hard among each other. Static competitions are those competitions which remains same over the longer period of time. It does not change according to the situations. This sector is very much competitive in terms of static competition. Large players are constantly competing with each other. Difference between two large players is always very close. User friendliness, customer satisfaction are remains the static criterion of competitions. Legalities, patent rights of different companies are also important static competition. This market also has lots of dynamic competitions. This kind of competitions is short term. These are very situational in nature. Local small Smartphone brands can pose this competition in front of large global players. It can come up with new different applications which can attract customers. It poses lots of dynamic competitions in this industry. The Dynamic competitions some times are in terms of pricing strategies also. Yes, these two criterions diverge from one another. The above discussion is showing that static completion is not at all situational. This competition is always

Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Art - Essay Example He was also heavily influenced by the Post-Impressionists Gauguin and Van Gogh. Picasso was a Spanish artist known as the founder of Cubism. Unlike Matisse, Picasso’s paintings of women are grotesquely distorted. He portrays the woman with darkness and vulgarity. In the early years of the twentieth century, Picasso embarked on a series of paintings using blue palette and melancholy themes. After his Blue Period, came his Rose Period which emphasized a warmer palette and more cheerful themes. Picasso’s works were influenced by Matisse’s works especially with his still life paintings. However, Picasso focused more on form and innovation while Matisse focused more on color and was less abstract. Picasso uses form with symmetry at different angels, geometrics and inspiration from household tools. On the other hand, Matisse always preferred bright colors even in his landscapes. His colors changes from light to dark but its mixtures make it even more creative. Matisse does not have much attention to detail but he adheres to reality unlike Picasso who would usually distort the images of his subjects. The art works of both artists were influenced by each other, more so when they developed a friendly rivalry. One of the more famous works of Picasso is the â€Å"Les Demoiselles d’Avignon† which is an example of his neo-cubism, modernism, and impressionism. This painting shows women who are immensely distorted. Geometric shapes are used instead of curves to portray the bodies of the women. The painting uses dark colors such as brown, black and blue which makes the theme gloomy. Matisse’s â€Å"Joy of Life† on the other hand depicts women more naturally by showing the right curves and proportions. The mood of Matisse’s painting is livelier because of the colors that he used specifically, red, green and yellow. Although both paintings show a group of women, one can clearly see the difference in how they are portrayed b y both artists. Matisse’s â€Å"Joy of Life†, 1905-1906 vs. Picasso’s â€Å"Les Demoiselles d’Avignon†, 1907 Picasso’s â€Å"Vase, bowl & lemon†, 1907 vs. Matisse’s â€Å"Blue Pot and Lemon† , 1897 The paintings above are examples of still life paintings of Picasso and Matisse. Unlike other Matisse’s paintings, the colors are quite dull. In contrast, Picasso’s emphasizes the shapes of the objects by using black outlines on the figures. His colors are darker as compared to those of Matisse’s. In Matisse’s painting, the objects seem to blend with its background because of its complimentary colors while in Picasso’s painting, the dark blue and gray background shows a sharp contrast between the colors of the lemon and the vase. Picasso’s â€Å"Acrobat† 1930 vs. Matisse’s â€Å"Acrobats† 1952 The above paintings of both Picasso and Matisse show clearly how they in fluenced each other. The paintings show the different interpretations of the two artists on one subject. Again, we can see Matisse’s love for colors by painting the human body blue in a beige background. On the other hand, Picasso simply used black and white. The two paintings though, both show a distortion of the human body. Works Cited Carver, Reg. Matisse or Picasso. 11 February 2011. Web. 3 May 2011. http://www.findmyowncurrent.com/2011/02/11/matisse-or-picasso/ Edward and Betty Marcus Foundation. Matisse & Picasso. 2001. Web. 3 May 2011

Game Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Game Critique - Essay Example In the AA game, the player engages in a virtual squad combat under strict rules of engagement and laws that result in a win and lose situations. The game, designed and published in the year 2002 by the United States Army involves the development of the first person shooter. The game serves to enhance proper communication to the public about the services that the army offers them. The game give the public a better soldier experience that is more educative, creative and entertaining. The game starts by having the player to create a soldier and take him through various military training processes before allowing him to go to the battlefield. The soldier moves through various obstacles as her or she gets trained using various weapons. At this stage, the player earns credit by shooting on target and passes different obstacles. If the player fails to pass all the obstacles, he is unfit to proceed to the next level hence repeats the whole process. The whole game is unfair as the game-play mostly favors the commercial side. Shooting the target to earn the credits is the principal players’ task at this point. The moving background in the game makes it difficult for the player to shoot at the target. The complication forces the player to repeat the process several times to pass the level. The next level of the game, the player takes his or her trained virtual soldier to the battlefield. In the battlefield, the soldier moves across the streets as enemies come from different sides shooting at him. There are also several hideouts for the soldier to protect it from the enemies’ bullets (Neiborg 1). If the soldier is hit by a bullet its life decreases and if it continuous the soldier eventually dies, and the game ends. At this level, the play still favors the commercial side as it has more sophisticated weapons and explosives at disposal unlike the player locked from the

Based on your analyses of The Catcher in the Rye and two films Essay

Based on your analyses of The Catcher in the Rye and two films demonstrate one lesson developed in these texts about the role of - Essay Example The characters of Holden Caulfield in J.D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye, the many characters in John Hughes’ The Breakfast Club, and Kat and Bianca Startford in Gil Junger’s 10 Things I Hate About You all struggle to maintain relationships with their parents while discovering their own identities, yielding different results in each situation. From the beginning of The Catcher in the Rye, it is evident that Holden Caulfield’s relationship with his parents isn’t quite what it is supposed to be. Holden discusses how he has been kicked out of school and yet, his parents are entirely unaware of it. He also expresses that he has no desire to come home. Right there, it was evident that Caulfield had a disconnect from his parents. Part of this disconnect may have been related to the fact that Caulfield was sent away to boarding school for so much of his life. Not only did he go to boarding schools, but he went to multiple boarding schools due to failin g out of one after the other. It is clear that he is a deeply emotionally disturbed individual throughout the novel, and yet his parents are insignificant figures in his life, as seen in the novel. Mr. and Mrs. Caulfield were not entirely to blame for this, of course. The family had gone through a great deal of emotional turmoil outside of Holden’s personal circumstances. Outside of the novel’s action, Holden’s older brother Allie, who serves as the family’s â€Å"golden child†, passed away from leukemia. Of course, this had an effect on Holden, his parents, and the relationship between them. As parents who are in mourning, their other children may not be on the forefront of their minds, as unfortunate as it may be. The consumption of their attention by the death of their child does not mean that they love their other children any less. Rather, they are preoccupied by the situation at hand. Consequently, the remaining children may feel as though th ey have been forgotten or are unimportant. In Holden’s case, he feels as though he’s living in the shadow of his deceased brother. Studies show that â€Å"Most children are resilient when bereaved, and their adaptation is facilitated by positive and authoritative parenting,† (Dowdney). Unfortunately for Holden, his bereavement process has not been facilitated. Rather, he has been in boarding school, where he has no choice but to sort things out for themselves. Coupling this with general teenage angst, it is extremely difficult for Holden to establish his own place in the world, let alone establish a healthy relationship with his parents. Each character in John Hughes’ The Breakfast Club has an intricate relationship with their respective parents. Their difference in social status also further the complexity of these relationships, as well as their behavior as a result of these relationships. In this film, the parent-child relationship is explored in a way in which we see how it effects the individual’s search for them true selves. In John Bender’s case, he adopts his tough guy persona as a way to mask the feelings he has over being physically abused by his father. Studies have shown that â€Å"Adolescents are at risk of academic failure, school drop-out, delinquency, and substance abuse. Some investigators have suggested that a history of family violence or abuse is the most significant difference between

Project Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 13

Project Management - Essay Example Despite a few known cases of successful project development and implementation, it is widely accepted in the industry that a number of unacceptable projects fail, especially in the IT/IS sector. According to Lyytinen and Hirschheim (1987), the estimated number of project failures is half of all the systems implemented. Galloway and Whyte (1989) concurred with the survey of project failures. Whyte and Bytheway (1996) further argued that more projects fail than succeed. Bozman (1994) claims that project failures are common in every parts of the world – it is an international phenomenon. Industries view project failures as either a pathological state to be avoided or a logical problem of goal definition (Lindahl & Rehn, 2007).This paper will focus on the different key factors that influence the failure of projects especially on the field of information technology (IT). It will discuss the different stages in the project lifecycle and the possible areas of failures in each stage. Furthermore, the paper will tackle the concept of risk management and its benefits in a successful project development as well as in preventing failures. A successful risk management system incorporated in a project will create a programme for handling probable causes of project failures.IT projects fail when it does not meet one or more of its criteria for success. The criteria for successful IT projects are delivery on time, completion on or under budget, and satisfaction of user requirements.

Based on your analyses of The Catcher in the Rye and two films Essay

Based on your analyses of The Catcher in the Rye and two films demonstrate one lesson developed in these texts about the role of - Essay Example The characters of Holden Caulfield in J.D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye, the many characters in John Hughes’ The Breakfast Club, and Kat and Bianca Startford in Gil Junger’s 10 Things I Hate About You all struggle to maintain relationships with their parents while discovering their own identities, yielding different results in each situation. From the beginning of The Catcher in the Rye, it is evident that Holden Caulfield’s relationship with his parents isn’t quite what it is supposed to be. Holden discusses how he has been kicked out of school and yet, his parents are entirely unaware of it. He also expresses that he has no desire to come home. Right there, it was evident that Caulfield had a disconnect from his parents. Part of this disconnect may have been related to the fact that Caulfield was sent away to boarding school for so much of his life. Not only did he go to boarding schools, but he went to multiple boarding schools due to failin g out of one after the other. It is clear that he is a deeply emotionally disturbed individual throughout the novel, and yet his parents are insignificant figures in his life, as seen in the novel. Mr. and Mrs. Caulfield were not entirely to blame for this, of course. The family had gone through a great deal of emotional turmoil outside of Holden’s personal circumstances. Outside of the novel’s action, Holden’s older brother Allie, who serves as the family’s â€Å"golden child†, passed away from leukemia. Of course, this had an effect on Holden, his parents, and the relationship between them. As parents who are in mourning, their other children may not be on the forefront of their minds, as unfortunate as it may be. The consumption of their attention by the death of their child does not mean that they love their other children any less. Rather, they are preoccupied by the situation at hand. Consequently, the remaining children may feel as though th ey have been forgotten or are unimportant. In Holden’s case, he feels as though he’s living in the shadow of his deceased brother. Studies show that â€Å"Most children are resilient when bereaved, and their adaptation is facilitated by positive and authoritative parenting,† (Dowdney). Unfortunately for Holden, his bereavement process has not been facilitated. Rather, he has been in boarding school, where he has no choice but to sort things out for themselves. Coupling this with general teenage angst, it is extremely difficult for Holden to establish his own place in the world, let alone establish a healthy relationship with his parents. Each character in John Hughes’ The Breakfast Club has an intricate relationship with their respective parents. Their difference in social status also further the complexity of these relationships, as well as their behavior as a result of these relationships. In this film, the parent-child relationship is explored in a way in which we see how it effects the individual’s search for them true selves. In John Bender’s case, he adopts his tough guy persona as a way to mask the feelings he has over being physically abused by his father. Studies have shown that â€Å"Adolescents are at risk of academic failure, school drop-out, delinquency, and substance abuse. Some investigators have suggested that a history of family violence or abuse is the most significant difference between

Question to answer based on some articles Assignment

Question to answer based on some articles - Assignment Example In other words, the daily life experiences form grounds for learning. International relation refers to the existing external links between countries or governments. Constructivism theory is significant in international relation because of its critical role in streamlining complex matters. As Wendt further says that sometimes situations are unprecedented in our experience, and in these cases we have to construct their meaning, and thus our interests, by analogy or invent them de novo (P 398, Anarchy is What States Makes of it, Wendt). This is because actors acquire information by participating in meaningful collective decisions. This paper discusses how constructivism in international relational accounts for the emergence of multiple competing norms. The contemporary history has been associated with a lot of impunity. This is evidenced by many reported cases of atrocities like violence and war crimes. These heinous acts abuse human rights for example the 1993 Yugoslav and 1994 Rwanda genocide cases. Apart from human rights abuse, the mayhems result into a state of anarchy. Wendt defines anarchy as the absence of centralized authority. He asserts that anarchy poses a distinctive and important problem of order for international politics, to which a constructivist approach suggests some new solutions (P 247, Social theory of International Politics, Wendt). The absence of a governing authority is dangerous to any society because certain individuals may misuse their freedom and cause disorder and chaos. Wendt also defines anarchy as a condition of possibility for or permissive cause of war arguing that wars occur because there is nothing to prevent them (P 395, Anarchy is What States Make of it, Wendt). The presence of governing authorities is to ensure order, harmony and peaceful coexistence. Hence lack of it results in high rise of conflicts which is very disastrous. Anarchy affects international systems since it may involve

Family Essay Example for Free

Family Essay Every time we have a family gathering in our house, informal debates are always part of the â€Å"program†. My family and I are delighted to involve talking about current issues especially that concerns the humanity’s welfare morals. It will start from simple talks and later become a big debate amongst our family members. It sounds funny but that is how we have our family gatherings. In fact, discussing current issues make our spirits alert and alive but if there is none, our gathering will become boring and seems incomplete. I personally really like exchanging ideas and point of views from others. Through them, I can learn many insights and know their position regarding the issue, whether they are pro or not. This kind of characteristic really runs in my veins. I am a kind of person that will truly stand for what I believe is right. I will never concede to a perverse beliefs and ideas. Even though I have this kind of attitude that like to debate even on simple issues, I do still have my friends that stick with. There are times that we argue on nonsense things that sometimes lead us to a â€Å"fight†. I can still remember one incident that I and one of my closest friends had a fight over on one issue and that is upholding the good morals. I know we have different views when it comes to that matter. She is quite liberated but I am a reserved and quite conservative type of person. So if we talked over on morality, our ideas always clash and it is not new to me at all. Yes, we are friends but I do not do what she does and she does not do what I do because of our opposite views when it comes to morality. The argument started when she confessed to me that she and her boyfriend had indulged into premarital sex several times. My initial reaction was shocked. I was not able to talk for a moment because of her confession to me. I was shocked with her confession not because the idea itself is new to me but because I was not expecting them do it. I trusted her boyfriend very much that he will not do anything wrong to my friend because I expect him as a person who wants my friend to be preserved even we are in this perilous times where our morals are already deteriorating. I am not against on the idea of having sex because it is a gift of God to be enjoyed by individuals specifically for the married people but doing it outside marriage is a very big â€Å"no, no† to me. And I don’t even say that I want her to be like me because I do believe on individualism. All I want to see is, she will learn how to respect her own self and not allowing anyone, not even her â€Å"beloved† boyfriend, abused her body and take advantage on her. In this modern world, several people either young or old, of legal age or not are into it. It becomes a trend of our society. If you don’t experience it, people will regard you as â€Å"loser† and coward but if you do, you will gain their appreciation and approval. See? This is how our world being corrupted of worldly pleasures. And I don’t believe that if everybody is doing it, it is already right. We have to uphold our morals as people and not letting the things of this world influence and corrupt our good character. That is one of my convictions as a person. Furthermore, she continued to relay to me the things they did in full details and silence came up in the atmosphere. I just allowed her pour out her heart on me. After a few minutes, I asked her why she sticks for that idea and permitted it to happen. But she only answered, â€Å"Why not? Everybody is doing it. And besides, we love each other very much. I was very annoyed and disgusted with her answer but I tried to hold back my temper and trying to make a â€Å"good† discussion with her regarding the matter. So, I continued asking her. â€Å"Do you think that is the only way you can express your love to your boyfriend? † I asked. Then, answered back â€Å"what do you mean? We do this because we love each other. Don’t you understand! And don’t you ever dare to dictate my life on what should I do. You are not my parents! † she exclaimed. Those words struck me a lot. I am just discussing this matter to her because I love her as my dear friend and I want the best for her. I am hoping that, through our discussion, she can be able to realize the possible things that might happen to her in the future if she and her boyfriend will continually indulge on it. So I told her that even though everybody is doing it, it doesn’t mean that it is already right. My point was, even though everything is permissible but not everything is beneficial. Everything is permissible but not everything is constructive. What seems right to our eyes may lead us into destruction. I told her that she is just destroying her life. Her dignity as a woman was lost. I am trying her to understand my point that I would just want her to preserve her virginity until she will get married because that would be the only best gift she can give to her husband aside from her precious love. But she chose not to understand my point because she was â€Å"extremely† in love with that guy. I can understand her feelings but I can’t tolerate her actions. What she only thinks is the present happiness and not looking for the possible consequences in the future. I told her that every action she will be doing has its consequence. It might be right or wrong. Then, I asked again. â€Å"What if you get pregnant? Is he willing to accept the responsibilities and marry you? † She was silent for awhile and thinking for an answer. â€Å"Well†¦My boyfriend loves me so much and I am pretty sure that he will! † she replied and I can see her trying to convinced herself as she said those words to me. â€Å"Oh, well†¦ if that’s the case, I can’t force you to listen to my advices. I respect your opinion and decision because that is your life. But, always remember that I am not intruding your personal life. I am just worried what might be the consequences of your action and if you are really ready to face that consequence. † I responded. So, that argument is closed and I am thinking that it will never be an issue again to both of us. As time passes by, she continued to share to me what she and her boyfriend were doing and it was all about their sex escapades. I do listen to her even I do not like what I am hearing. I am trying my very best to understand her and remind her that it is not yet late to change. But she will just tell me that there is nothing wrong with her. In fact, she is very proud to experience it. One day, she phoned me and asked if we can dine out. We went to our favorite restaurant. When I saw her, she looked restless and haggard. I smiled at her and asked, â€Å"What is wrong? How are you and your boyfriend? † She just smiled bitterly to me. â€Å"Why? † I asked again. â€Å"I am pregnant and I do not know what to do with this baby. † I just looked at her and never said anything for a second. â€Å"I will abort this baby! † She started to cry. â€Å"No! † I said. â€Å"Did your boyfriend learn about this? † What did he say? † As I asked those questions, tears kept falling on her eyes. â€Å"Tell me†¦ What did he say about the baby? † I repeated. â€Å"He wanted me to abort the baby? He doesn’t want to marry me because we are still young and he has no job yet. I told her to keep the baby and never mind her boyfriend. Anyway, she can take care and provide the needs of her baby if she wants to. But she told me straight on my face that she will abort the baby. Due to her confusions, abortion came up into her mind as an ultimate answer for her recent problem. I told her that she already committed sin once, the sin of committing premarital sex, and now she should not sin again by aborting her own child. It is not right. It is morally not right. You are killing an innocent child, a child that has no strength to defend and fight for himself. This time, I persistently argued with her not to abort her baby. I told her that the guilt will always haunt her for the rest of her life. She might escape the shame for having a baby without a husband but she will not surely escape the guilt that will forever haunt her conscience. She was very stubborn because she told me that she needs to abort the baby because she cannot handle the responsibilities and the shame. I told her that all those scorns from other people will just pass and never be remembered again as the time will pass but the life of her baby cannot be withdraw from death once it is aborted.

Various Genetic Disorders Essay -- Papers

Various Genetic Disorders Alterations in human chromosomes or the deletion of an important gene product are often due to a mutation, which can spring an abundant strand of genetic mutations and improper coding. Mutations can spring from deletion, duplication or inversion of a chromosome. This improper deletion is the factor that leads to complications and ultimately genetic disorders. Turner Syndrome and Cat-cry Syndrome are both alterations of chromosome structure due to deletion. In Turner Syndrome, there is a missing X chromosome and in the Cat-cry Syndrome chromosome-18 has been lost or deleted. Other genetic disorders that give rise to discussion are point mutations which include Sickle cell anemia, Maternal PKU and the genetic disorder of The D1 Trisomy syndrome. Turner Syndrome was described first by Turner in 1938 (Jack H. Hung 1989 p.45) and it was established that this disorder was due to the deletion of an X chromosome in 1959 by Ford, Jones, Polani, de Ameida and Briggs. The most predominant traits of those who have this disorder consist of being short, having neck webbing with a low hairline and having a widely spaced chest. Turner Syndrome disease is not a fatal disease as long as there is management of possible heart problems and ovarian dysfunction. Early support and counseling are the key in dealing with psychological problems that may arise such as infertility and potential hearing loss. Cat-cry Syndrome is another deletion disorder in which inhibitor survives quite well. Lejeune recognized this disorder in 1964 and he gave it the official nam... ...d off the face of the planet, but can be somewhat predicted with the help of family trees and common knowledge of ancestors. Bibliography Kenneth Lyons Jones, M.D. 1988. Smiths Recognizable Patterns of Human Malformation pp.520-521 W. B. Saunders Company. G.H. Valentine, M B. 1969. The Chromosome Disorders pp. 113-115 pp. 103-106 Printed in Great Britain by The Whitefriars Press Ltd. London and Tonbridge. Jack H. Jung, M.D. 1989. Genetic syndromes in Communication Disorders pp. 45 PRO-ED Printed in the United States of America. Neil A Campbell, Lawrence G. Mitchell, Jane B. Reece. 1997. Biology concepts and connections. In The Human Genome pp. 238-239 The Benjamin/cummings Publishing Company. Arthur Metcalf. Sickle Cell Diesase. Accessed 4/20/99 through Dogpile. http://www.wcu.edu/library/online/index.htm)

Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire Essay examples -- essays research pa

The Romans were on one of the greatest people of all. They had power, wealth, and even a half of the world. They built one of the strongest and vast empire that world has ever seen. They came from nothing to something awesome. It started of as a city and ended up being one of the greatest empire of all. This essay is going to focus on the Roman Empire from the rise to the fall and the government, architecture, mythology, Family Structure, and Food of the Romans. As the story goes, Rome was founding in 753 B.C. by two brothers Remus and Romulus who were raised by wolves. The two brothers started fighting over the leadership of the land. Eventually Romulus killed Remus and took control own his own. The city was only a small settlement at that time. As the civilization grew, the Etruscans took over. The Romans drove out the Etruscans in 509 B.C. By this time Rome had become a city. As the empire came to its peak it included lands throughout the Mediterranean world. Rome had first expanded into other parts of Italy and neighboring places during the Roman Republic, but made wider conquests and made a strong political power for these lands. In 44 BC Gaius Julius Caesar, the Roman leader who ruled the Roman Republic as a dictator was assassinated. Rome descended into more than ten years of civil war. After years of civil war, Caesar's heir Gaius Octavius (also known as Octavian) defeated his last rivals. In 27 B.C. the Senate gave him the name Aug ustus, meaning the exalted or holy one. In this way Augustus established the monarchy that became known as the Roman Empire. The Roman Republic, which lasted nearly 500 years, did not exist anymore. The emperor Augustus reigned from 27 BC to AD 14 and ruled with great power. He had reestabl... ...eat. Every decision that Rome made had a great affect on the city itself and the rest of the world. Many foolish emperors weakened the city and eventually cause the many aspects of life to crumble. The social issues were that no one took interest into Public affairs. The Political issues were that because no one took any public interest in government jobs, because there were not looked at as something that was good. The Economic issues were that they had poor harvest. Food was scarce people needed food so they went after it. The Germanic tribes started taking over the western half of the empire. The Roman Empire was a great and big empire that lasted hundreds of years. It had a great impact on a lot of civilizations. The Romans went from a small civilization to one of the greatest empire of all. But then, was ripped apart into pieces until there was nothing left.

Cultural Self-Assessment Essay

I got 9 correct answers and 14 incorrect answers. This score is lower than I expected. I was anticipating to get more than half of the total questions right because I thought that the set of questions on cultural competency for health care providers is an easy subject to tackle. However, my assumptions have proven me wrong. I have realized that this topic required more knowledge about different cultures and its relation to providing high-quality and culturally competent medical services. Prior to taking these quiz, I thought that giving medical attention to people from different cultural backgrounds was an uncomplicated task. The reason behind this thinking is that culture is an issue that is familiar with every individual. More so, when dealing with a problem that involves the interaction of two or more dissimilar cultures, the natural instinct is to treat the difference with sensitivity and respect. It may seem that this is as simple as it sounds. But as I learned about the results of the quiz, there appears to be more than just being considerate and being polite. What we currently know does not necessarily mean that it is everything that we ought to know. People should go beyond their comfort zone and try to understand things that are foreign to us. In the field of medicine, it is very important to practice this so as to provide the best care to patients in aid of prolonging and improving their lives. 2. Which items did you answer correctly? Which items did you answer incorrectly? To what do you attribute your incorrect responses? Out if the 23 questions in the quiz, I got mostly correct answers on questions about communicating the similarities and differences of people from different backgrounds. However, there were some aspects of this subject matter that I did not do well such as asking about the patient’s personal background in a non-offensive way and soliciting g information in a non-verbal manner. Meanwhile, the 14 incorrect answers that I obtained were mostly about the beliefs and mannerisms of specific cultures. Also, I did poorly on handling language interpretation between a medical practitioner and the patient. Apparently, based on these results, I have a lot of learning to do to be able to be a competent medical practitioner in a culturally diverse environment. I think that one of the main reasons why I did so badly in this quiz is the assumption that handling cultural differences has a universal approach. More so, I thought that a certain method or attitude can be applicable to numerous race and ethnicity. But in reality, every culture demands to be treated distinctively because a Hispanic patient can have dissimilar needs with and Asian patient or a Western medical approach cannot be applied to a medical problem of a patient from an African descent. 3. How will you enhance your cultural competence in any areas in which you were deficient? How will you maintain your cultural competence in areas in which you were proficient? Since I was able to get more wrong answers than the right ones, I have realized that I have a lot of things to learn that will increase my knowledge about cultural competency and also I have to improve my skills in handling patients of diverse cultural backgrounds. One way of achieving this is by immersing myself to another cultural environment. Thought this, I can have a first-hand experience about the various traditions and beliefs that a certain culture practices. The knowledge that I will gain from this cultural encounter would aid me in becoming more sensitive and more informed on the different aspects of a specific culture which can guide me to become an efficient health care provider. On the other hand, with the culture competence areas that I am proficient, I plan to further my knowledge when it comes to communicating similarities and differences of people from different backgrounds. It is important to properly execute this in order to gain accurate information from the patient and also to provide effective measures as a medical practitioner.

Patriots vs. Loyalists: Impacts on the outcome of the American Revolution

The American Revolutionary War, from 1775 to 1783, was predominantly fought between two groups of people – the Patriots and the Loyalists. In general, both the Patriots and Loyalists were culturally identical, such as speaking the same language, wearing the same clothes, and going to the New World with the same goal – to seek a better life. Then why did the two groups fight against each other during the war? Initially, when the First Continental Congress met and protested against Great Britain’s rule, the colonists had no intention to become independent from the crown but only wanted their rights to be recognized.After the French and Indian War, British enforcement gradually became stricter through acts that were placed on the colonies, which eventually led to the recognition and division between the Patriots and Loyalists. Those who favored the idea of independence and wanted to be free from British rule were known as the Patriots, whereas those who supported th e British and remained loyal to the crown were known as the Loyalists.Overall, the different characteristics that made up the Patriots and Loyalists, the individual support towards their respective sides of the war, and each of their motivations and beliefs greatly impacted the ultimate outcome of the Revolution. Although the Patriots and Loyalists were culturally similar within the colonies, there were many additional characteristics that defined the differences between the two. The Patriots were generally wealthy, better educated, and merchants who didn’t rely on trade with England.They were capable of financially supporting themselves by having the â€Å"plantation owners trade [their produce] within the colonies and the merchants using smuggling among other countries besides Great Britain† (Beverly). Though the Patriots didn’t have to depend on the English to maintain their economy, they suffered greatly because Parliament enacted many indirect taxes, and th en later on creating direct taxes such as the Stamp Act, which were paid by the colonists. The colonists reacted with great fury and annoyance to this British action.In contrast, the Loyalists population usually consisted of government officials, those who had family residing in England, and were wealthier than the Patriots. Since they generally had more money, they were not highly affected by the British taxes imposed on them throughout the years, which the Patriots evidently suffered significantly. Likewise, the Loyalists didn’t have the same hatred towards the British than the Patriots had. This, in response, boosted the Patriots’ motive to fight which eventually helped them win the war.In addition to the different characteristics that made up the population of the Patriots and the Loyalists, each of their contributions to the war impacted the outcomes in a tremendous way. Without the support of the common patriotic â€Å"†¦ men and women in the colonies, such as farmers, lawyers, merchants, ministers, and shopkeepers, their struggle for independence would have failed† (Beverly). These people were the ones that supported the economy, kept it running, and provided supplies to the soldiers fighting in the war.The Loyalists also provided supplies such as armory, gunpowder, and food to the British soldiers and fought alongside with them. Though colonial Loyalists were able to fight alongside with British soldiers, they were only able to assist alongside the soldiers because the British often looked down upon the colonists. Moreover, in order to win the war, the Patriots were willing to â€Å"experience suffering, endurance and perseverance necessary for both the military and supporting civilians† (Dillon). If they were short of this â€Å"will†, it would have been extremely difficult for them to achieve victory.Even though the features of each group and their support in the war effort were significant, the motivations and beliefs of the Patriots and Loyalists made the utmost impact on the outcome of the war. The Patriots were furious because they were forced to pay high taxes to support a government abroad that they had no part or say in, and paying higher taxes than some of the other British colonies to finance England’s wars with France (Allen). They believed the monarch was systematically unjust because they were being treated unfairly and were forced upon many things without their own consent.However, the Loyalists also had their own beliefs because they thought cutting all ties with their â€Å"mother country† will lead to a democratic society led by the Patriots, who were –in their eyes- violent, immoral, and not suitable to make political decisions. The Loyalists believed that without England’s protection, the colonies might not be able to militarily defend themselves and other nations will eventually invade them and take over, if they don’t prevent the Patr iots from losing. Nevertheless, the Patriots had something the Loyalists did not, determination and the drive to keep on fighting until they had reached their goal – freedom.On top of the resentment the Patriots felt, they had a strong ambition to fight until the last soldier standing died, unlike the Loyalists, who were primarily set out to collect money for the king and only determined by greed. It can be argued that the only reason why the Patriots had won the war was because they had aid from the French towards the end of the war. However, this is false because the Patriots had great morale as a whole and unlimited determination to fight till the very end, and strong leaderships such as George Washington and John Adams to keep every individual motivated as they fought against the Loyalists.Therefore, it was not only the French’s help that led to the demise of British rule in the colonies. Ultimately, the Patriot’s victory in the American Revolution was great ly impacted by the Loyalist’s decision to maintain their loyalty and the Patriots’ desire for independence. The two groups differed in separate areas such as general characteristics as a whole, strategies in supporting the war effort, and beliefs to follow that subsequently led to the British’s failure.

How does Homer make Essay

The scene with Charybdis and Scylla is one of the best depicted scenes in the whole Odyssey, aiming not to build tension into the readers but to scary or even terrify them. Actually, the whole story does not begin when Odysseus faces the danger but a bit earlier. When Circe tells him what to kind of monster he will meet, this anticipates us to get ready for real horror and builds up the tension as they are sailing. But when the Trojan heroes reach the place the horror is even bigger than what we are ready for. Only the first sentence contains more than enough to see the high seriousness of the situation. Odysseus’ men are â€Å"wailing in terror† i. e. all the braveness and manhood are gone and they look more like women or babies. But all this seems to be quite logical when we read the effective description of Charybdis that Homer uses. Adjectives such as â€Å"awesome†, â€Å"fearful† and â€Å"dreadful† gives the reader the impression that the ship is doomed to disappear forever. Moreover, Charybdis does not just throw away the water but it â€Å"vomits it† and it â€Å"rains down† – verbs showing how massive and powerful the whirlpool is. The simile with â€Å"a cauldron† is not long or detailed, but actually it gives the best possible image of what danger Odysseus and his men are. If they get even one inch closer probably all will be boiled. What completes the picture is the fearful sound Homer includes â€Å"the rocks re-echoed to her fearful roar† – Charybdis resembles a lion ready to swallow everything on his way. Once again the reaction of Odysseus’ men draws an exact image of the terror – â€Å"my men turned pale† – helpless fearing for their lifes, afraid to move or say a word. Thus frozen, now Odysseus’ men face even a bigger surprise and terror with Scylla having grabbed 6 of them. The unexpected change throws the reader in even greater tension, but what is worse is that Odysseus loses his â€Å"strongest men†. Now Homer draws us into one sense – helplessness. First the description of Scylla is skillfully made to show how doomed is the whole situation – she â€Å"snatched† and â€Å"whisked† Odysseus’ comrades while they are â€Å"dangling† in the air. The choice of words is not random, but aims to build up senses of power and violence on the one side and fear and death on the other. Once again Homer uses sounds but this time in a different way. The â€Å"dangling† men are calling Odysseus, who he can’t do anything but standing and looking at them. Just a silent witness. Homer uses a precise simile to draw the way in which Scylla swallows the men. She is like an â€Å"angler† and they are like fish -description that crates the feeling that the sailors are small and insignificant and this is the natural order: the angler must catch his dinner. The reader by now feels more than pity but Homer goes on showing us how the â€Å"little fishes† are suffering and â€Å"struggling† and â€Å"shrieking† in â€Å"desperate throes†, all of this action looking worthless but showing will for life, life that they will lose very soon. Odysseus is sad for his men and admits that he has never seen â€Å"a more pitiable sight†. That makes even bigger impression knowing about Odysseus meetings with the Cyclops, the Laestrygonians, the Sirens etc. He has endured much and seen even more but that is the only moment he feels so helpless, useless and wordless.

The Impact of Internet on Thinking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Impact of Internet on Thinking - Essay Example Despite this the internet has many advantages on the way people think. My research question is: does the web shorten our attention spans? Attention span can be defined as the ability of a person to concentrate on a task without distraction. Attention varies with age and is measured by the time we spend continuously on a particular task. No, the internet does not shorten our span of attention as the studies conducted have shown that adults who spend time on the web boosted their brain power and also helped in preventing cognitive turn down like Alzheimer’s disease and dementia. Spending time on the internet is beneficial to both adults and the young people. To the young the web has been of great importance as they use the internet as a tool of education and has registered positive effects on their academic performance. However the exposure of the web to children at a younger age should be minimal and if necessary, can be increased moderately with time and age as studies show th at the use of web increases attention of the adults better than the children (Dreyfus 60). The use of the web has made people to function like computers as they are able to receive, encode process and retrieve information faster than before and have become adapted to multi-tasking as a result of engaging or brains into activity. The attention span has improved because when people spend time on the web, this means that they spend time reading and studies have shown that students who spend at least 30 minutes on the internet have been shown to perform better. The use of the web keeps our brains active and improves our efficiency as well as our attention span. The brain has a nature of a muscle and therefore needs regular exercise, when we use the web, the brain is engaged in some activity and therefore it becomes more attentive. Failure to engage the brain makes it to be passive and thus lowers the span of attention. Most people have are easily distracted when reading a book than when on the web. The monotonous nature of the book makes one to be easily distracted unlike when one is on the web. The web has interesting things and one can learn new information at a very short time. Most people can concentrate for about 30 minutes when not using the internet and this span increases when they are using the web. The reason behind this is that the web has a lot of new, interesting information and this makes the person to want to learn more and therefore ends up concentrating on a particular task for a long period without getting distracted or bored (Brockman 176). The use of the web has enabled people to easily access information and learn new information unlike when not using the internet where people may spend a lot of time looking for specific information at the libraries for a long time. However, precaution is necessary as the use of the web has its setbacks among them is addiction to the wrong information. Studies conducted in the past have shown that students who are use the internet regularly do not use the internet in a productive way as they may be on social network sites ( Dreyfus 87). Most institutions are coming up with ways in which they can divert their attention from these social networking sites and makes their time when using the web more productive. The institutions are blocking the accessibility of these sites when students are in the institution and can only access the sites when they leave school.

Jonathan Edwards Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Jonathan Edwards - Research Paper Example He was very much interested in different areas of science, ideologies and thoughts and especially in the world of philosophy (Sander-Cederlof, 1974). Edwards became very well aware of all the modern philosophical and theological issues and became familiar with the writing of John Locke and his ‘Essay concerning human understanding’ especially influenced Edward during the period of his study at Yale College. The ideological clashes and arguments between the orthodox Calvinism and its challenging movements such as Deism, Arianism and Angilical Arminianism were included in his studies along with such ideas as British Empiricism and continental Rationalism which were originated in Europe (Jonathan Edwards: Biography). Edwards was dedicated to express his innovative ideas in front of the great personalities of the Enlightenment. He synthesized protestant theology with Newton’s physics, the third earl of Shaftesbury’s aesthetics, Locke’s psychology and Mal ebranche’s moral philosophy and thereby provided a recasting to Calvinism. Metaphysics and natural philosophy were the other important areas of his interest and one could find his exclusive writings on this topics.

Dining Room in Authentic Elizabethan Style Assignment

Dining Room in Authentic Elizabethan Style - Assignment Example A typical building of the period is Wollaton Hall (1588), Nottinghamshire, built by Robert Smythson; it was the first English house to abandon the traditional central courtyard and to place in its stead a high-ceilinged great hall lighted by gallery windows and surrounded by classically proportioned, multi-windowed wings. Bible box - the bible box appeared, these were small side chests designed to hold the family bible. They were later made with a sloping top to facilitate writing and reading. It was the forerunner to the writing desk. They were oak, left natural or finished with oils or beeswax. Colour: During Elizabethan times, color schemes varied depending upon the location of the home. Lighter colors tended to be avoided in town and city dwellings due to pollution. Another factor in color choice was often determined by the availability of pigments. In country areas, interior decorations were often carried out by traveling craftsmen who carried limited supplies. Paint had to be mixed on site with whatever locally available ingredients could be found. For example, the blue-green color wash used on wooden paneled walls in country areas was derived from the earth pigment terra verde, mixed with egg whites and buttermilk. It is, nevertheless possible to make some general statements. For example, during the first half of the Victorian era, walls were usually light colors except for dining rooms and libraries. The second half gave way to much more vibrant, rich colors such as vivid greens and mahogany brown typically found in bedrooms. During this period, the general feeling w as that deep, rich colors enhanced the importance of a room. Owen Jones, architect and theorist of color and ornament, published a handbook, in 1856, called The Grammar of Ornament. The basis of Jones's theories on the use of color was that it was aesthetically correct to use a complex pattern consisting of one main color and many subsidiary colors. Considerable thought was given to creating the right balance of both color and texture between wall, molding, ceiling and woodwork. Adding texture to a room was achieved through the use of wallpaper; stenciling and specialist paint finishes such as sponging, marbleizing and spattering. In most cases it was very difficult to distinguish wallpaper from paint. The simulation of various kinds

Project 4.1 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Project 4.1 - Research Paper Example The result was that people had to be evacuated from their homes, live elsewhere, and had major health problems that were far-reaching and sometimes incurable. Though permission was sought from the Marshall Islands government, the fact remains that the people had to suffer in innumerable ways for a test study, a study that did not seek proper informed consent, nor did it attempt to cure anyone (Skoog, 2003). Because of Bravo and Project 4.1, numerous conspiracy theories abounded, none of which has been proven with concrete evidence. The United States was accused of doing the Bravo launch on purpose by the Marshallese government, who insisted that it was a tactic to be able to study a population exposed to nuclear fallout without risking their own people. Regardless if such a thing is true, reforms followed Project 4.1, though not right away. Over $350 million dollars was awarded to Marshallese people due to the fallout and subsequent sickness (Skoog, 2003). The United States also paid for health care, site cleanup, and other costs associated with the nuclear mess that had become the Marshall Islands, specifically Bikini atoll (Skoog, 2003). However, not all the reforms were monetary. In 1994, President Clinton announced the formation of the Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments (Meslin 1996). This committee is tasked with, among other things, examining the known experiments that took place on human fallout exposure between 1944 and 1974 and to evaluate the ethics of said experiments (Meslin 1996). Other reforms that have occurred since 1994 were that on September 10, 1996, the United Nations overwhelmingly approved the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, which will, in effect, end all nuclear testing anywhere in the world (Skoog, 2003). Even though people were exposed to nuclear fallout in an unethical manner, research is now being done to see that such an incident does not occur